In Ghana, the term “Ananse disease” is widely used in homes, markets and communities to describe a painful skin condition that seems to “move” or “crawl” along the body. For years, people have used the name without knowing the medical or English equivalent, which often leads to confusion and delayed treatment.

After reviewing Ghanaian medical publications and culturally-used references, the condition referred to as ananse in local language most closely matches the medical condition Shingles — also known as Herpes Zoster.

This article explains why.

English Name for Ananse Disease

The correct English/medical name for Ananse disease is:

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Shingles is a viral skin condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. It typically presents as a painful, burning rash that appears on one side of the body, often forming a line or band along a nerve.

This description aligns closely with how Ghanaians describe “ananse” — a painful rash that feels sharp, crawling, burning or stinging.

Why Ghanaians Call It “Ananse”

In many Ghanaian languages, “ananse” means spider. The name is used because:

The pain feels like “crawling” under the skin
The rash spreads in a line or track, resembling spider movement
The pattern often looks like something “walking” across the body

Because of this “moving” sensation, the name “ananse” became widely adopted to describe shingles.

What Causes Ananse Disease (Shingles)?

After someone has chickenpox — even as a child — the virus never fully leaves the body. Instead, it hides in the nerves. Years later, it can reactivate due to:

Stress
Weak immune system
Illness or infection
Fatigue
Aging
Certain medications
HIV or chronic conditions

When the virus reactivates, it travels along a nerve path to the skin, causing the characteristic painful rash known locally as ananse.

Common Symptoms of Ananse Disease

If you suspect you have “ananse,” these are the typical signs:

1. Burning, tingling or stabbing pain

Often on one side of the body, chest, waist, neck or face.

2. Painful rash

Red patches that develop into blisters filled with fluid.

3. Itching and sensitivity

The affected area becomes very sensitive to touch or even clothing.

4. Blisters that burst and crust

After a few days, the blisters dry and form scabs.

5. Pain that continues even after the rash heals

Some people develop post-herpetic neuralgia, where nerve pain persists for months.

Important note:
Shingles is not caused by witchcraft, curses, or spiritual attacks. It is a medical viral condition that can happen to anyone.

Is Ananse Disease Contagious?

Shingles itself is not highly contagious, but the fluid from the blisters can give someone chickenpox — not shingles — if they have never had it.

It spreads through:

Direct contact with the fluid from blisters
Touching contaminated items

People who are pregnant, elderly, or have weak immune systems should avoid contact with someone who has active shingles.

How Shingles (Ananse) Is Treated

Shingles requires medical treatment, especially within the first 72 hours. Treatment usually includes:

Antiviral medication
Pain relief
Anti-itch medication
Soothing creams or cool compresses
Vitamin support

Early treatment reduces the severity of the condition and prevents long-term nerve damage.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical help immediately if:

You have a painful rash on one side of the body
The rash is near your eyes (can threaten vision)
You have severe pain, fever or spreading blisters
You have a weak immune system

Clinics like Elitecare Medical Center can properly diagnose and manage shingles and provide medications to reduce symptoms quickly.

Conclusion

In Ghana, the local term “Ananse disease” refers to the viral condition known in English as Shingles (Herpes Zoster). Though often misunderstood, it is a treatable medical condition — not a supernatural one — and early treatment is essential to prevent complications.

If you or a family member has symptoms of “ananse,” seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and care.